Value
Important theorists

Classical Political Economy: Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Samuel Bailey, Karl Marx, Thomas DeQuincey,

Austrian Economics: Carl Menger, Bohm-Bawerk, Mises, Hilferding,

Keywords Commodity Form; Rent ; Measure  
Essential Reading

David Ricardo, Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (London: Pelican Books, 1977)

Samuel Bailey, A critical dissertation of the nature, measure and causes of value (1825) Available online

Thomas De Quincy, Measure of Value Available online

Eugen Bohm-Bawerk, The Ultimate Standard of Value (trans. C.W. Macfarlane) Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Volume 5, (1894-95) p. 149-208 Available here

Georg Simmel, A Chapter in the Philosophy of Value Available here

I.I. Rubin, Essays on Marx's Theory of Value Available online

D. F. Ruccio; J. Graham; and J. Amariglio, Notes on Values in "'The Good, the Bad, and the Different': in The Value of Culture: On the Relationship between Economics and Arts, ed. A. Klamer (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 1996), 44-73.] Available online

Secondary

Subjective and Objective Value Theories (II parts) by R. Johnson Available online - Useful introduction to Austrian School and criticism of Ayn Rand

The Subjectivist Outlook in Economics - Rudolf Hilferding

The Class Structure of Machinery: Notes on the Value Form - Hans-Dieter Bahr (Argues that the genesis of the means of production is in fact the process of mediation of two asymmetrical social subjects)

An examination of the doctrines of value as set forth by Adam Smith, Ricardo, McCulloch, Mill, the author of "A critical dissertation," &c. Torrens, Malthus, Say, &c. &c. : being a reply to those distinguished authors - Charles Forster Cotterill Available here